What condition is referred to as having too few white blood cells?

Leukopenia is the condition characterized by an abnormally low number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the bloodstream. White blood cells are crucial components of the immune system, as they help the body fight off infections and other diseases. When the levels of these cells decrease, the body may become more susceptible to infections and may have a diminished ability to respond to pathogens.

This condition can arise from various causes, including certain autoimmune disorders, bone marrow diseases, or as a side effect of certain medications, such as chemotherapy. The clinical significance of leukopenia lies in the potential for increased infection risk, which can lead to more severe health complications if not appropriately managed.

The other conditions mentioned are distinct from leukopenia. Leukemia, for instance, involves an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells and does not reflect a deficiency. Leukocytosis refers to an elevated count of white blood cells, indicating an active immune response, typically due to infection or inflammation. Chronic infection may cause leukopenia as a secondary effect but is not itself defined by low white blood cell counts. Understanding these differences highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment in hematological conditions.