What hormone primarily regulates sugar levels in the blood after a meal?

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels after a meal. When you consume food, especially carbohydrates, glucose levels in the blood rise. In response to this increase, the pancreas secretes insulin. This hormone facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose (fat) tissue, allowing them to use glucose for energy or store it for future use.

Additionally, insulin promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen in the liver for long-term storage. By doing so, insulin ensures that blood glucose levels remain within a normal range, preventing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) which can lead to various health issues. This regulatory action is crucial immediately following meals when blood sugar levels tend to peak due to the influx of glucose from digested food.