What is the difference between resting cardiac output and maximal cardiac output referred to as?

The distinction between resting cardiac output and maximal cardiac output is known as cardiac reserve. Cardiac reserve refers to the capacity of the heart to increase its output beyond normal resting levels, which is particularly important during times of increased physical activity or stress. This ability reflects the heart's efficiency and health; when factors such as exercise demand or illness arise, a healthy heart can augment its workload to meet the body's requirements.

Understanding cardiac reserve is crucial in evaluating cardiovascular health and functional capacity. A higher cardiac reserve indicates a more adaptable and functional cardiovascular system, while a lower reserve may suggest limitations in heart function or overall cardiovascular fitness. This concept is critical for assessing individuals in clinical settings, especially in relation to diseases or conditions that may compromise heart function.